Issue 47
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World
Great Circle Route Planning
I found this website to be a useful tool for flight route planning to reduce travel durations.
- Great circle route between two points: https://www.greatcirclemap.com/?routes=SEA-DUB
- Multiple points to see if a multi-leg trip is in-line with the great circle route: https://www.greatcirclemap.com/?routes=hnl-syd%2C%20SEA-SYD
Category 6 for mega-hurricane era
But “the Saffir-Simpson scale is a relic of an earlier age in forecasting”. Maybe a whole new scale system is needed? “What the Saffir-Simpson scale is good for is quantifying, showing, that the most intense storms are becoming more intense because of climate change”.
GeoTech
Geocoding
Nice example page that lets you explore the OpenCage Geocoding API.
- Demo page: https://opencagedata.com/demo
Remote Sensing
Journalism and Remote Sensing
- From Space to Story in Data Journalism: https://gijn.org/stories/from-space-to-story-in-data-journalism/
Most Warming Mapped
The graphics and animation in The Washington Post’s climate stories just get better and better.
- Where the world warmed the most in Earth’s hottest year: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/interactive/2024/mapping-our-fast-warming-world/?itid=pr_enhanced-template_3
Methane SAT
Methane SAT is the first remote sensing satellite developed, funded, and launched by an environmental nonprofit, the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Designed to detect methane leaks so mitigations can be applied. It is notable that it launched on a SpaceX Transporter-10 mission. That mission carried 53, yes 53, other spacecraft “including CubeSats, MicroSats, and a hosted payload”. See the book review below if you’re interested in this phenomenal explosion of satellites.
- Methan SAT site: https://www.methanesat.org/
- EDF info on it: https://www.edf.org/methanesat
- The launch: https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=transporter10
- Really excellent book on private companies (not just SpaceX) driving a new economy in space. NYT Review: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/10/books/review/when-the-heavens-went-on-sale-ashlee-vance.html
Tree rings and climate change
Really excellent scrolly-telling piece from the Washington Post on tree-rings in general, what they tell us, and the evidence of our current Climate Change. From the birthplace of dendrochronology.
Biogeography
Beer Archaeologist
Alright, this sounds like a great gig, recreating ancient beers. They also used ancient grains in ancient times, go figure. I want to try Emmer beer. Emmer is a type of wheat so pony up that modern Hefeweizen and the ancient one please. I’ve seen stories on the “Beer Archaeologist” Travis Rupp before and they are always great. You can try some of these recipes at Avery Brewing in Boulder, Colorado.
- BBC https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240426-from-ancient-egypt-to-roman-britain-brewers-are-reviving-beers-from-the-past
- The Beer Archaeologist newsletter: https://www.thebeerarchaeologist.com/
- Ales of Antiquity from Avery Brewing: https://blog.averybrewing.com/aoa-gw-porter-bf583122789e
- A 1752 IPA: https://blog.averybrewing.com/averys-ales-of-antiquity-series-in-2020-96cf422b1c17
- Emmer wheat: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmer#:~:text=Emmer%20wheat%20or%20hulled%20wheat,t.
- 2019 NPR story: https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/05/26/723983713/beer-archaeologists-are-reviving-ancient-ales-with-some-strange-results
Antarctica
Geoengineering
It seems baffling to me that humans would consider geoengineering on a planetary scale, to slow down global warming, when we can’t even do the simplest things like stopping fossil fuel subsidies. It may be valid science and a legitimate path but we are sure to fuck up the execution and timing (e.g. too late). I have no faith in any organization to accomplish any geoengineering plan, at scale, if we cannot execute on the basics of decarbonization rapidly. But, that’s just me. If we can’t do the simple stuff, stay away from making it worse. I do think these ideas are interesting to read about though.
- Geoengineering could save the ice sheets – but only if we start soon: https://apple.news/ALlpRSVeJT46fR798hTSK8Q
- Extensive melting of West Antarctic ice sheet now looks unavoidable: https://apple.news/AteXglSQmO1qQLyd_MCCciA
Africa
Malawi and Mozambique
New Ecoregion?
Story of a proposed new ecoregion that is unique. A chain of mountains (inselbergs) that form an inland “archipelago”. The new name? South East Africa Montane Archipelago (SEAMA). It’s biodiversity is very important, is threatened, and needs urgent protection. Let’s save the diversity we already have. Rewilding works great but doesn’t have nearly the biodiversity that exists naturally.
- Forbes article (by one of my favorite science authors, GrrlScientist): https://www.forbes.com/sites/grrlscientist/2024/04/02/hundreds-of-new-species-discovered-on-africas-isolated-sky-islands/?sh=27a0f7a84050
- Nature: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-54671-z
Canada
Anthropocene
Marking the “golden spike” start of the Anthropocene with lake-bed cores. Crawford Lake in Ontario, Canada has the data. Plus links to a couple of podcasts I like on the Anthropocene. Which is still a controversial term when applied as a geologic epoch - but there’s no denying human’s history and the evidence of how we “wreak environmental havoc”. The term seems fitting even if it’s not geologic dogma.
- Definition of Anthropocene: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/anthropocene/
- WaPo - Start of the Anthropocene: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/07/11/anthropocene-begins-canada-crawford-lake/
- A fuller scrolly-teller story by WaPo and one of the same authors but with a cool lake sediment deposit intro, more info, and good animations. Plus a zoomed in look at a dated core. This is the one to send to your mom: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/interactive/2023/anthropocene-geologic-time-crawford-lake/?itid=co_climatechange_3
- The Anthropocene Reviewed Podcast: https://www.npr.org/podcasts/735466018/the-anthropocene-reviewed
- Generation Anthropocene. A great podcast, now discontinued but still available on your favorite app, from Standford Students: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/generation-anthropocene/id526637040
Iceland
Biogeography
Inside the Icelandic Salmon Wars.
I try to buy Wild Salmon. But I’ve enjoyed farmed Steelhead many times. It seems logical that farming fish would take some pressure off of harvesting wild stocks. It seems whenever we industrialize food production we fuck it up. Its happened in B.C., Chile, and now a story from the Westfjord’s of Iceland.
- Apple News link. https://apple.news/AlxdzD6bvRduWgS42ZWsn6A
- Sunday Times original (paywall): https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/they-take-everything-like-vikings-inside-the-icelandic-salmon-wars-c288ch663
US
Geography of Organ Donation
- How Does Geography Influence Organ Donations and Transplants? https://www.maps.com/organ-donor-and-transplant-map-shows-impact-of-geography/
Disbanding NOAA?
Project 2025 proposes to disband NOAA.
“The National Oceanographic [sic] and Atmospheric Administration (Noaa) should be dismantled and many of its functions eliminated, sent to other agencies, privatized, or placed under the control of states and territories,” the proposal says. …the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, should be “disbanded” because it issues “theoretical” science and is “the source of much of Noaa’s climate alarmism”.
- Trump will dismantle key US weather and science agency, climate experts fear: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/26/trump-presidency-gut-noaa-weather-climate-crisis
Rewilding
Yellowstone Wolves
Arguably the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone was a “rewilding” event which re-introduced the keystone species back to the ecosystem. As we’ve seen previously, with profound effects. Those profound effects biologists call a “Tropic Cascade”, “spawning renewal of vegetation and spurring biodiversity”. This is the feel-good story we’re told. But, there’s some dissent on this story and all is not rosy in Yellowstone. The article below (thanks Eric) outlines more nuances from skeptics of the trophic cascade story, like the reduction in elk population and an explosion of the buffalo population. But other proponents are arguing the buffalo population increase enhances the environment because of something called the Green Wave Hypothesis where migrating animals surf a wave of greening plants. It highlights an interesting biogeographical phenomenon for more study as we simultaneously continue to reduce migration patterns as well as potentially reintroduce opportunities for migration. Which is an interesting animal “cultural” phenomenon that is learned. So, once it’s unlearned what happens?
- NYT article: https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/23/science/yellowstone-wolves-elk-bison-climate-change.html?unlocked_article_code=1.m00.ONmf.i-N9HKCGlGaC&smid=url-share
- Migrating bison and the Green Wave: https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1913783116#:~:text=The%20Green%20Wave%20Hypothesis%20(GWH,vegetation%20provides%20the%20best%20forage.
- Moving excess bison from Yellowstone to Tribal reservations:
- NPS: https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/news/24003.htm
- Montana Free Press: https://montanafreepress.org/2024/02/26/bison-transfers-to-tribes-grow-as-state-pushes-to-shrink-yellowstone-herd/
- New facility to support bison transfer to tribes: https://www.wyomingpublicmedia.org/tribal-news/2023-07-16/a-new-facility-will-allow-yellowstone-to-send-more-bison-to-tribes-across-america
- Forbes article on bison, not following the Green Wave: https://www.forbes.com/sites/linhanhcat/2019/11/29/bison-engineer-food-availability/?sh=36bcc4637579
- Spatial Ecology: Herbivores and Green Waves — To Surf or Hang Loose? From Science Direct: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982220309404
- Current Biology Journal article.
PNW
Seattle’s first map
A nice analysis and discussion of Seattle’s first map.
- From Street Smart Naturalist Substack: https://streetsmartnaturalist.substack.com/p/seattles-first-map